在 PHP 中创建唯一用户指纹的方法-php问题

Ways to create a unique user fingerprint in PHP(在 PHP 中创建唯一用户指纹的方法)

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问题描述

What is the best way to generate a 'fingerprint' of user unique-ness in PHP?

For example:

I could use a user's IP address as the 'fingerprint', however, there could be multiple other users on the same IP
I could use the user's IP + user agent as the 'fingerprint', however, a single user could simply swap from safari to firefox and again be seen as being unique

Ideally, the fingerprint so label the 'machine' rather than browser or 'ip' but I can't think of how this is achievable.

Open to ideas/suggestions of how you uniquely identify your users, and what advantages/disadvantages your method has.

解决方案

Easiest and best way: use phps session-management - every client is given an ID, stored in a cookie (if enabled) or given as a get-variable on every link and form (alternatively you could set a cookie on your own). But, this only "fingerprints" the browser - if the user changes his browser, deletes his cookies or whatever, you can't identify it anymore.

Identifying every client by IP address is usually a bad idea and won't work. Clients that use the same router will have the same IP addresses - clients connected through a proxy-pool could have another IP address with every page load.

If you need a solution that can't be manipulated by the client in an easy way, try to do a combination of the following, using all that are supported by the clients browser and compare them on each page-load:

"normal" HTTP Cookies
Local Shared Objects (Flash Cookies)
Storing cookies in RGB values of auto-generated, force-cached PNGs using HTML5 Canvas tag to read pixels (cookies) back out
Storing cookies in and reading out Web History
Storing cookies in HTTP ETags
Internet Explorer userData storage
HTML5 Session Storage
HTML5 Local Storage
HTML5 Global Storage
HTML5 Database Storage via SQLite

There's a solution called evercookie that implements all of this.

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