如何使用 new 在 C++ 中声明二维数组?

How do I declare a 2d array in C++ using new?(如何使用 new 在 C++ 中声明二维数组?)

问题描述

如何使用 new 声明二维数组?

例如，对于正常"数组，我会:

int* ary = new int[Size]

但是

int** ary = new int[sizeY][sizeX]

a) 不起作用/编译，b) 没有完成什么:

int ary[sizeY][sizeX]

会.

如果你的行长是编译时常量，C++11 允许

auto arr2d = new int [nrows][CONSTANT];

请参阅 中的示例.

How do i declare a 2d array using new?

Like, for a "normal" array I would:

int* ary = new int[Size]

but

int** ary = new int[sizeY][sizeX]

a) doesn't work/compile and b) doesn't accomplish what:

int ary[sizeY][sizeX] 

does.

If your row length is a compile time constant, C++11 allows

auto arr2d = new int [nrows][CONSTANT];

See this answer. Compilers like gcc that allow variable-length arrays as an extension to C++ can use new as shown here to get fully runtime-variable array dimension functionality like C99 allows, but portable ISO C++ is limited to only the first dimension being variable.

Another efficient option is to do the 2d indexing manually into a big 1d array, as another answer shows, allowing the same compiler optimizations as a real 2D array (e.g. proving or checking that arrays don't alias each other / overlap).

Otherwise, you can use an array of pointers to arrays to allow 2D syntax like contiguous 2D arrays, even though it's not an efficient single large allocation. You can initialize it using a loop, like this:

int** a = new int*[rowCount];
for(int i = 0; i < rowCount; ++i)
    a[i] = new int[colCount];

The above, for colCount= 5 and rowCount = 4, would produce the following:

Don't forget to delete each row separately with a loop, before deleting the array of pointers. Example in another answer.

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